Dynamic head loss in pilot- and full-scale wastewater sand filtration with phosphorus removal, denitrification, and associated bumping

Abstract Limitations of the operation down-flow sand filters were investigated without and with dosages methanol, ethanol, or acetate for denitrification ferrous sulphate to remove phosphorous. The dynamic head loss was developed due clogging by suspended solids (SS) that originated from secondary sedimentation tanks including sludge overflow SS in primary settled wastewater bypassed biological step. also gas bubbles formed during denitrification, not produced cell growth. after 24 h increased 0.9–1.3 2.3–2.4 mH2O, respectively. total time prolonged 50% one water bumping, 75% two bumpings, 85% six seven bumpings. Operational filter cycles 4–5 bumping full-scale pilot-scale filters. depended on hydraulic loading. With a carbon source dosage, cycle lasted 20–40 at 10 m/h 60 5 filters, 15–27 3.3